SQL Tutorial using MS Access

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This post contains a quick and dirty tutorial on how to use SQL to lookup, insert, update, and delete data. The first video in the series is optional, it shows how to import and setup the data.

The files used in the videos can be found below, you can look at the videos in any order, they aren’t prerequisites for each other.

Download Files here: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1HEVam1Vq1Bn1TJI6zzcoH_POf_Z4nZ-Q?usp=share_link

© 2023  Vedesh Kungebeharry. All rights reserved. 

Bloom’s Taxonomy in two levels

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The guiding rule of thumb for generating exam questions is to use Bloom taxonomy broken into

  1. Knowledge comprehension, and
  2. The use of knowledge

In Bloom’s Taxonomy, the first two levels, Remembering and Understanding, are generally considered to correspond to knowledge and comprehension, while the remaining four levels, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating, are considered to correspond to the use of knowledge.

Remembering is the lowest level of the taxonomy, and it involves simply recalling information, such as facts or definitions, without necessarily understanding their meaning or significance. Understanding, which is the second level, involves grasping the meaning of the information and being able to explain it in one’s own words.

Applying, the third level, involves using the information in a new situation or context, to solve problems or complete tasks. This level requires students to apply their understanding of the information to a new situation, and to demonstrate that they can use it in a practical way.

Analyzing, the fourth level, involves breaking down complex information into smaller parts, examining the relationships between them, and identifying the underlying principles or causes. This level requires students to apply critical thinking skills to analyze and understand the information.

Evaluating, the fifth level, involves making judgments about the value or quality of information, based on criteria or standards. This level requires students to assess and criticize the information, and to make choices based on evidence.

Creating, the highest level of the taxonomy, involves generating new ideas, products, or solutions, by combining existing knowledge in novel ways. This level requires students to use higher-order thinking skills to synthesize and transform information, and to create something new.

2017 U2 Q5

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Part a)

Client server

Part b)

  1. The user clicks on a link to a webpage from a previous webpage.
  2. The browser resolves the ip address from the server name and sets up a tcp connection to the server (usually on port 80 or 8080)
  3. The browser sends a http request to the server containing the requested resource and information about itself, e.g browser type, supported language etc
  4. The server generates a response which contains header information as well as HTML code for the browser to render.
  5. The browser interprets the code and displays the page to the user.

Part c)

The url https://www.buythings.com  would be preferred since this http protocol includes SSL (Secure sockets layer) or TLS (Transport layer security) which encrypts all HTTP information such that only the sender and the receiver can decipher the information. This is more secure, especially in the case where the http information can be intercepted by malicious entities on the network, they won’t be able to read the sensitive payment information that can be used defraud the online shopper.

Part d)

A process is a running program.

The PCB stores metadata necessary for  managing the process, e.g. process id, process state, memory allocation addresses, scheduling info (priority, time slice), pointers to it’s resources (files, other processes).

Part e)

  1. New
  2. Running
  3. Ready
  4. Waiting
  • Terminated

Part f)

Paging is were each process in an OS is allocated memory in units called pages for easier coordination and management by the operating system. The pages can be stored physically in memory , or stored on the hard disk (in the case that the process is not running at that time). If a process is stored on the disk and needs to be run, a page fault is generated so that the process is swapped back into the physical memory for processing.

Part g)

Thrashing occurs when memory resources become limited by the amount of running processes. The need for physical memory can be exceeded, thus multiple processes that are in waiting state are stored as pages on disk. For continued running of the system, processes are constantly swapped in and out of physical memory, an execution which spends a lot of time on the cpu when compared to running the processes themselves.

Part h)

  1. Because of the frequent process swapping by page faults, the system becomes inefficient and can run slowly.  (The solution is to inefficiency increase the size of physical memory by upgrading the ram size, or configure/manage the system to run less processes.)

  2. The system can become overwhelmed to the point of “crashing”, i.e stop working or responding altogether.

Part i)

Too little physical memory is available for a system that needs to run a lot of processes.

© 2023  Vedesh Kungebeharry. All rights reserved.