This note continues from: Compilers

After the preprocessing produces a single source file in high level language , Translation of this source code can now occur.

Translation is the process of converting the High Level Language’s source code to object code.

It involves:

Analysis stage	Description
Lexical analysis	Breaking the source code correctly into tokens
Syntax Analysis	Ensuring that the grammatical rules of the language are obeyed
Semantic analysis	Ensuring that the program statements make logical sense by adhering to the rules of the language.

After the steps above are completed, we are left with some output:  data structures and used in analysing the source code for errors, and if no errors were found, intermediate object code.

Output	Sub Stage
A symbol table	Lexical analysis
A parse tree	Syntax Analysis
An annotated abstract tree	Semantic analysis
Unoptimized Object Code	Intermediate code generation
Optimized Object code	Code Optimization

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