A problem is defined as the “difference between the current state of things and a desired future state in an information processing system”

Example

CURRENT STATE:

A score taker for a football game could be using a paper based information processing system consisting of

Hardware:

• A notebook
• Pencil

Data management:

• Ruled lines forming a table in the notebook,
• Columns for scores, fouls, Events etc
• Calculations such as cumulative minutes or penalties in the game (these are calculated mentally by the score taker and recorded during the progression of the game.)
  
  

Inputs :

• Goals scored,
• Scorer’s name
• Team scoring
  
  
  
• Fouls
•  Attacking player name , victim name
• Minute of foul

Outputs (to officials and score board operator):

• Scores
• Fouls
• Minutes

Desired future state:

Input:

• Scores along with player’s Number entered manually
• Fouls with attacker and victim names number manually via keyboard
  
  

Processing:

• Store player’s names from looking up numbers
• Automatically timestamp goals and fouls
  
  

Output:

• Statistics directly to website and scoreboard.

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