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Multiplication Facts to 10 × 10 – Standard 3 Maths

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What you will learn

  • Show a multiplication fact as equal groups and as an array.
  • Know the times tables from 2 × 1 up to 10 × 10.
  • Use turn-around facts and facts you know to find harder ones.

Multiplication is a quick way to add equal groups. Instead of adding 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4, you can say 5 groups of 4, or 5 × 4 = 20. In this lesson you will build arrays, learn tricks for each times table and practise the facts up to 10 × 10 until they come quickly.

Egg cartons full of brown chicken eggs, set out in neat rows
Eggs in a carton sit in rows. A carton with 2 rows of 6 holds 2 × 6 = 12 eggs. Photo: Krzysztof Golik, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Equal groups and arrays

The sign × means times or groups of. In 3 × 5 = 15, the numbers 3 and 5 are factors and 15 is the product.

An array is a set of objects in equal rows. Count the rows, count how many are in one row, then multiply.

3 rows of 5 = 3 × 5 = 15

Worked example 1

A tray of sweet bread buns has 4 rows with 6 buns in each row. How many buns are there?

Show me how

There are 4 rows of 6.

Skip count in 6s: 6, 12, 18, 24.

4 × 6 = 24 buns.

Rows of solar panels on a roof, set out in equal rows and columns
Solar panels are often set out in an array. Count the rows and the panels in one row, then multiply. Photo: Pujanak, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

Turn-around facts

Turn an array on its side and you get the same number of dots. So 3 × 5 and 5 × 3 are both 15. This means you only need to learn about half of the facts. If you know 8 × 2 = 16, you also know 2 × 8 = 16.

Watch out! A common mistake

Do not mix up × and +. 4 × 3 means 4 groups of 3, which is 12. It is not 4 + 3 = 7. Read the sign before you answer.

Tricks for each table

Use what you already know to find harder facts:

  • × 2: double the number. × 4: double, then double again.
  • × 5: the answer ends in 0 or 5. × 10: put a 0 on the end.
  • × 9: work out × 10, then take one group away. 9 × 7 = 70 − 7 = 63.
  • × 3, × 6, × 7, × 8: build from a fact you know. 6 × 7 = 5 × 7 + 7 = 35 + 7 = 42.

Worked example 2

What is 8 × 6?

Show me how

8 × 6 is double 4 × 6.

4 × 6 = 24, and double 24 is 48.

So 8 × 6 = 48.

Worked example 3

What is 9 × 8?

Show me how

10 × 8 = 80.

9 groups is one group less: 80 − 8 = 72.

So 9 × 8 = 72.

Try it

TRY ITTimes table practice

Practise the facts up to 10 × 10. Pick one table or All. The timed round is optional and only compares you with your own best.

TRY ITArray builder

Add or take away rows and columns to build the array, then check it. Or match an array to its number sentence.

Let’s practise

Work out each one in your copybook. Open Hint if you are stuck, then open Show answer to check your working.

1. What is 7 × 4?

Hint

Double 7, then double again.

Show answer

28

2. An array has 5 rows of 8 chairs. How many chairs?

Hint

5 × 8. Count in 8s five times.

Show answer

40 chairs

3. You know 6 × 9 = 54. What is 9 × 6?

Hint

Turn-around facts give the same product.

Show answer

54

4. Use 10 × 7 = 70 to find 9 × 7.

Hint

Take one group of 7 away.

Show answer

70 − 7 = 63

5. Fill the box: 8 × = 56.

Hint

Count in 8s until you reach 56.

Show answer

7, because 8 × 7 = 56.

6. A packet holds 6 crackers. How many crackers in 9 packets?

Hint

9 × 6.

Show answer

54 crackers

7. Which is bigger: 7 × 8 or 6 × 9?

Hint

Work out both. 7 × 8 = 56.

Show answer

7 × 8 = 56 is bigger than 6 × 9 = 54.

8. Write two multiplication facts for an array of 4 rows of 10.

Hint

Turn the array round.

Show answer

4 × 10 = 40 and 10 × 4 = 40.

Quiz

Lesson quiz: 10 questions

Answer every question, then press Check my answers. Score 8 or more to earn the Times Table Star badge.

Recap

  • × means groups of. In 4 × 5 = 20, 4 and 5 are factors and 20 is the product.
  • An array has equal rows. Rows × number in each row = total.
  • Turn-around facts: 3 × 8 = 8 × 3.
  • Use facts you know: double for × 4 and × 8, × 10 then take one group for × 9.

Words to know

multiply
To add equal groups quickly.
Example: When we multiply 4 by 3 we get 12.
factor
A number that is multiplied.
Example: In 6 × 4 = 24, 6 and 4 are factors.
product
The answer to a multiplication.
Example: The product of 5 and 6 is 30.
array
Objects set out in equal rows and columns.
Example: The chairs made an array of 5 rows of 6.
times table
A list of the multiples of one number.
Example: I said the 7 times table to Granny.

Try it at home

  • Look for arrays at home: egg cartons, tiles, windows, a box of juice. Say the multiplication fact for each one.
  • Mini project: make your own times-table chart from 1 × 1 to 10 × 10 on a sheet of paper. Colour all the turn-around pairs the same colour.

Test tips

Tips for class tests

  • If you forget a fact, build it from one you know. Do not guess.
  • Check the sign. × and + give very different answers.
  • Learn the hard ones first: 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, 8 × 8, 7 × 9.

For parents and teachers

After this lesson, your child should be able to:

  • explain multiplication as equal groups and arrays;
  • recall multiplication facts up to 10 × 10;
  • use turn-around facts, doubling and known facts to work out others.

Short, regular practice works best: five minutes a day of mixed facts. The timed round is optional and only compares a child with their own best score on this device, never with other children.

Quiz scores and badges are saved only in this browser on this device. Nothing is sent anywhere. If the browser data is cleared, or another device is used, the badges will be lost.

Previous: Money Problems: Bills, Best Buy, Profit and Loss – Standard 3 Maths
Next: Multiplying Bigger Numbers – Standard 3 Maths
Course: Standard 3 Maths

Updates

2026/11/04
– First version of this lesson.

Attributions to media used in this post:

Egg cartons with chicken eggs 03.jpg – Krzysztof Golik – CC BY-SA 4.0 (via Wikimedia Commons)

Solar panels on a roof.jpg – Pujanak – Public domain (via Wikimedia Commons)

© 2026 Vedesh Kungebeharry. All rights reserved.

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